Natural constituents of the elements affecting soil pollution and health effects and changing their properties by wastewater in Najaf district center

Abstract

The natural factors are one of the factors affecting the properties of the soil, as the geological formation
affects the type of soil and the diversity of its properties in addition to the surface, which also has a role
in the variation in the properties of the soil. Summer leads to the evaporation of the water in the soil and
makes it dry and disintegrating soil, which raises the concentrations of salts in it and its properties change,
especially in the marshes and marsh soils and muddy soils within the soils of the sea of Najaf. While the
desert areas have less effect considering the texture of the soil is coarse and the water in it does not remain
on the surface of the soil in addition to a few The rains. Which makes the area less vegetative, and the
study area is characterized by fluctuating rains, which may fall simultaneously and in large quantities,
which affects the soil, dredging it and forming gullies. It has an effect on the properties of the soil, so the
surface water is represented by the Sudair river, which is very much polluted because the sewage water.
The city of Najaf reaches it directly without any treatment and the use of this water for irrigation will
pollute the soil and change its properties in addition to the soil within the sea of Najaf that has high salt
concentrations near the sea from this soil, which has earned its characteristics. As for the groundwater, it
affects the soil because it contains high salt concentrations and irrigation affect soil properties.