Covid 19: A Novel Threat To Human Brain And Neurological System with Artificial Intelligence

Authors

  • S.Belina VJ Sara, S.Silvia Priscila

Abstract

Viral infections have harmful effects on neurological functions, including causing significant neurological damage. Very recently, coronaviruses (CoV), especially CoV 2 (SARS-CoV-2) severe acute respiratory syndrome, have neurotropic properties and may also cause neurological diseases. In the brain or cerebrospinal fluid, it is confirmed that CoV can be identified. The pathobiology of these neuroinvasive viruses is still not well understood and the effect of CoV infections on the nervous system must therefore be studied (Yeshun Wu, Xiaolin Xu).Coronavirus (CoV) infections induce Central Nervous System (CNS) diseases. Newly described case reports add to growing evidence that COVID-19 infections can result in severe, long-lasting neurological complications including inflammation, psychosis, Brain damage and strokes even among patients experiencing mild cases of the virus with few other symptoms. Around 36% of COVID-19 patients show neurological symptoms which longs as long term effect. The impact of COVID-19 on the brain is often overlooked due to complicated diagnostics of medically unstable patients. However in case of brain infection corona virus can lead to a number of neurologic symptoms like headache, seizures, loss of control over body movements and loss of vital senses such as taste and smell. Our brain is protected from viral infections and bacterial infections due to Blood Brain Barrier which is a thick natural border that separates the brain from other parts of the body. The border is made of cells that only let only small particles to pass through. However severe inflammations that come with diseases like COVID-19 can destroy that barrier since some virus can use inflammatory cells as “Trojan Horses” to trick the way into the brain. Corona virus is one of them. Few cases brain get infected and allows the virus to get pass through into the brain. Brains of infected COVID-19 patients show the presence of virus in endothelial and neuronal cells. These viruses can enter our central nervous system through the axons, the thread like parts of the neurons that are found all over the body. The main part of the brain is spinal cord. The brain cells which are damaged release chemicals called Biomarkers that is found in cerebrospinal fluid. It is a colorless body fluid which is found in the brain and spinal cord. The blood of severely affected COVID-19 patients indicate that the brain cells are damaged and attacked by corona virus and attack the whole central nervous system and the Brain cells lacks the ability to regenerate which totally affect causes brain disorders. The brain model called Brain Sphere which is made from specific stem cells to test whether this virus can affect Neurons. Three days after infection viral particles were found in the body of some brain cells indicating that infection has indeed occurred. The virus targets neurons because they have specific receptor called Ace2 which SARS –COV-2 can recognize and use as a key to enter into brain cells as virus enters in other parts too.It is really a challenging part for these patients to receive successful treatment to survive. The damage doesn’t end only with brain which infects the other organs in humans like kidney and eyes. Every day we are learning new things all time which will pave the way to end the issues caused by this pandemic COVID-19

Published

2020-12-01

Issue

Section

Articles