Synthesis of ZnO, NiO, CuO, and Co3O4 Oxide Nanoparticles by Solution Combustion Method in the Presence of Natural Date Extract as a New and Green Fuel
Abstract
Among the numerous methods for the intermediate metal nanoparticle synthesis oxides, the solution combustion method is a simple, low-priced, and clean method without the use of any intricate devices. In this method, nano-minerals are produced due to the heat generated by the combustion of an organic body by the nitrate in the reaction mixture. Fuel type selection is one of the significant factors in this method that has a profound effect on the temperature of the product, its shape, and size. This method often leads to nanoparticles with distinctive sizes and shapes. For the first time, in this method, natural date extract has been used as fuel. Since the main components of natural date extract are sugars, it can be used as an organic fuel, as a substitution of other chemical and harmful fuels. In this study, ZnO, NiO, CuO and Co3O4 nanoparticles by solution combustion method via related metals nitrate and date extract have been synthesized as fuel. Via XRD, FT-IR, SEM, and VSM instrumental techniques, ash from complete combustion were identified and the phase was determined. In all cases, FT-IR and XRD analysis revealed that the metal oxide was formed in pure and single-phase, and based on the Debye-Scherrer equation, the nanoparticle size was between 10-30 nm, which indicates the formation of ZnO, NiO, CuO, and Co3O4 nanoparticles. SEM images of metal oxides show that the nanostructures have porous and spongy form due to the release of gases during the solution combustion reaction. At room temperature, the magnetic properties of NiO and Co3O4 nanoparticles revealed that these nanoparticles show magnetic behavior.
