A Conceptual Framework to Design and Develop Dyscalculia Checklist Instrument for Dyscalculic Pupils

Abstract

This study aims to design and develop a checklist for dyscalculia based on Piaget’s Cognitive
Theory, Sweller’s Cognitive Load Theory, Bruner’s Constructivist Theory, and Siemen’s Connectivist
Theory. This paper presented the literature review on Cognitive Theory, Cognitive Load Theory,
Constructivist Theory, Connectivist Theory, design and development research (DDR), fuzzy Delphi method
(FDM), nominal group technique (NGT), and dyscalculia. The purpose of this study is to design a
conceptual framework for Dyscalculia Checklist Instrument (DCI) for dyscalculic pupils. Four main
constructs in DCI are number sense, working memory, accurate or fluent calculation, and mathematics
reasoning and word reasoning. This study is DDR in nature. Hence, three phases in this study are needs
analysis, design and development, and evaluation. After the three phases of DDR, the end product will be a
checklist for dyscalculia entitled Dyscalculia Checklist Instrument (DCI).